![]() Here, we report that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) act in combination with LIF to sustain self-renewal and preserve multilineage differentiation, chimera colonization, and germline transmission properties. In serum-free cultures, however, LIF is insufficient to block neural differentiation and maintain pluripotency. The cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) drives self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells by activating the transcription factor STAT3. Of development and is likely to play important roles in tissue homeostasis and stem That allows recognition and elimination of defective cells during the early stages Cell competition is, therefore, a process ![]() Of differential c-Myc levels is critical and that c-Myc overexpression is sufficient Furthermore, during this process, we find that establishment This elimination occurs in an apoptosis-dependent manner and is Or defective autophagy or that are tetraploid are eliminated at the onset of differentiationīy wild-type cells. We find that ESCs displaying defective bone morphogenetic protein signaling That cell competition is a mechanism regulating the fitness of embryonic stem cells ![]() ![]() Would compromise their ability to contribute to further development. ![]() A fundamental question in developmental biology is whether there are mechanisms toĭetect stem cells with mutations that, although not adversely affecting viability, ![]()
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